Items where Author is "Cruickshank, Leon"

Brewster, Lee and Cruickshank, Leon and Perez Ojeda, David (2025) Understanding the effects of doing co-design and the transitional changes in co-designers. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

Cruickshank, Leon and Brewster, Lee (2024) Co-Design as a Research Method in Doctoral Research : asking the right questions. The Design Journal, 27 (6). pp. 1101-1117. ISSN 1460-6925

Cruickshank, Leon and Calvo, Mirian (2024) My Mainway : Designing in Dignity for Policy Making. In: Legal Design : Dignifying People in Legal Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 9781009437073 (In Press)

Robins, Jess and Cruickshank, Leon and Tsekleves, Emmanuel (2024) Circular Economy, Circular Communities? : Examining the role of community in circular economy organisations. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

Dunn, Nick and Cruickshank, Leon and Coupe, Gemma (2023) Flourish by design : agendas and practice for positive change. In: Flourish by Design :. Routledge, London, pp. 1-4. ISBN 9781032507682

Cruickshank, Leon (2023) Flourishing for all. In: Flourish by Design :. Routledge, London, pp. 81-83. ISBN 9781032507651

Cruickshank, Leon (2023) Flourishing for all : The imperative for design research to go beyond academia. In: Flourish by Design :. Routledge, London, pp. 81-83. ISBN 9781032507682

Dunn, Nick and Cruickshank, Leon and Coupe, Gemma (2023) Introduction : Flourish by design: Agendas and practice for positive change. In: Flourish by Design :. Routledge, London, pp. 1-4. ISBN 9781032507682

Nthubu, Badziili and Richards, Daniel and Cruickshank, Leon (2022) Designing Conditions for Disruptive Innovation Ecosystems. In: [ ] With Design: Reinventing Design Modes : Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR 2021). IASDR: Congress of the International Association of Societies of Design Research . Springer, Singapore, pp. 1705-1730. ISBN 9789811944710

Calvo, Mirian and Cruickshank, Leon and Sclater, Madeleine (2022) Exploring Mutual Learning in Co-design. International Journal of Design for Social Change, Sustainable Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 3 (2). pp. 79-96. ISSN 2184-6995

Perez, David and Cruickshank, Leon (2022) Safe Harbours for Design Research. Design Journal, 25 (6). pp. 911-914. ISSN 1460-6925

Galabo, Rosendy and Cruickshank, Leon (2022) Making it better together : a framework for improving creative engagement tools. CoDesign, 18 (4). pp. 503-525.

Nthubu, Badziili and Perez Ojeda, David and Richards, Daniel and Cruickshank, Leon (2022) Navigating Complexity through Co-design : Visualising, Understanding and Activating Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. The Design Journal, 25 (5). pp. 730-751. ISSN 1460-6925

Brewster, Lee and Cruickshank, Leon and Potts, Diane and Marsdin, Nik (2022) Using design to connect children through playful discovery. In: The European Conference on Arts, Design & Education 2022 Official Conference Proceedings :. The European Conference on Arts, Design & Education 2022 Official Conference Proceedings . ECADE.

Owen, Violet and Ceyhan, Pinar and Cruickshank, Leon and Christou, Elisavet (2022) Evaluating social innovations : How creative evaluation can help articulate their values and impacts. In: DRS2022 Bilbao: Design Research Society Conference 2022 :. DRS2022 Bilbao: Design Research Society Conference 2022 . Design Research Society, ESP. ISBN 9781912294572

Perez Ojeda, David and Whitham, Roger and Coupe, Gemma and Cruickshank, Leon (2022) Talking about food : reflecting on transitions of practice in people with lived experience of food poverty. In: DRS 2022 Bilbao, 2022-06-25 - 2022-07-03.

Calvo, Mirian and Galabo, Rosendy and Owen, Violet and Cruickshank, Leon and Sara, Rachel (2022) Strategies and Tactics of Participatory Architecture. In: DRS2022 Bilbao: Design Research Society Conference 2022 :. UNSPECIFIED, ESP.

Cruickshank, Leon and Valentine, Louise and Perez Ojeda, David and Mortati, Marzia and Bofylatos, Spyros and Hwang, Ja Young (2021) 14th International Conference of the European Academy of Design, Safe Harbours for Design Research. Blucher Design Proceedings . Blucher Publishing House. ISBN 9786555060683

Nthubu, Badziili and Richards, Daniel and Cruickshank, Leon (2021) Testing open-source visualization tools with small- and medium-sized enterprises ecosystem data : Towards the understanding of innovation ecosystem design. Journal of Design, Business & Society, 7 (2). pp. 165-187. ISSN 2055-2114

Robins, Jess and Tsekleves, Emmanuel and Cruickshank, Leon (2021) Designing community : creating resilience through collaboration. In: Design Culture(s). Cumulus Conference Proceedings Roma 2021 :. Cumulus Conference Proceedings Series., 2 . UNSPECIFIED, pp. 3350-3364. ISBN 9789526490045

Cockeram, Tom and Robins, Jess and Tsekleves, Emmanuel and Cruickshank, Leon (2021) Playing for change : designing a board game for the circular economy. In: Design Culture(s). Cumulus Conference Proceedings Roma 2021 :. Cumulus Conference Proceedings Series., 2 . Cumulus, Aalto, pp. 1752-1768. ISBN 9789526490045

Nthubu, Badziili and Cruickshank, Leon and Richards, Daniel (2021) Enhancing the Understanding of Manufacturing SME Innovation Ecosystems : A Design Visualisation Approach. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

Pothong, Kruakae and Speed, Chris and Catlow, Ruth and Dixon, Billy and Morgan, Evan and Knowles, Bran and Newmarch, Georgia and Richards, Daniel and Cruickshank, Leon (2021) Deliberating Data-Driven Societies Through Live Action Role Play. In: DIS 2021 - Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference : Nowhere and Everywhere. ACM, New York, pp. 1726-1738. ISBN 9781450384766

Calvo, Mirian and Perez Ojeda, David and Cruickshank, Leon (2021) My Mainway Consultancy Report. [Report]

Galabo, Rosendy and Calvo, Mirian and Cruickshank, Leon and Perez Ojeda, David (2021) Improving Engagement Tools to Enable Advocacy in Public Sector Activities. In: Fifteenth International Conference on Design Principles and Practices, 2021-03-03 - 2021-03-05, Online conference.

Setiawan, Andi and Dunn, Nick and Cruickshank, Leon (2021) The influence of social context on co-design practice between Indonesia and the UK. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

Galabo, Rosendy and Nthubu, Badziili and Cruickshank, Leon and Perez, David (2020) Redesigning a workshop from physical to digital : Principles for designing distributed co-design approaches. In: Design: Vertical & Horizontal growth :. UNSPECIFIED, SUN, pp. 64-70. ISBN 9789526490021

Nthubu, Badziili and Richards, Daniel and Cruickshank, Leon (2020) Using Visualization Models to Speculate on New Platforms for Additive Manufacturing Expansion. Journal of Industrial and Intelligent Information, 8 (2). pp. 32-37. ISSN 2301-3745

Nthubu, Badziili and Cruickshank, Leon and Richards, Daniel (2020) Designing Innovation Ecosystems from Scratch: What is your Ecosystem Role? In: The Design Research Society 2020 International Conference, 2020-08-11 - 2020-08-14, Online.

Coupe, Gemma and Whitham, Roger and Cruickshank, Leon and Perez Ojeda, David and Pearson, Ben (2020) Co-designing tools to empower further, independent co-design : Collaborating with diverse individuals with lived experience of food poverty. In: Proceedings of the Design Research Society Conference 2020 :. Proceedings of the Design Research Society Conference 2020 . Design Research Society, Brisbane, pp. 992-1008. ISBN 9781912294374

Calvo, Mirian and Cruickshank, Leon and Galabo, Rosendy and Perez Ojeda, David (2020) Does Participatory Architecture Work? In: Fourteenth International Conference on Design Principles & Practices, 2020-03-16 - 2020-03-18, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn.

Galabo, Rosendy and Cruickshank, Leon (2020) A framework for improving knowledge exchange tools. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

Nthubu, Badziili and Richards, Daniel and Cruickshank, Leon (2019) Disruptive Innovation Ecosystems : Reconceptualising Innovation Ecosystems. In: Conference Proceedings of the Academy for Design Innovation Management : Research Perspectives In the era of Transformations. Conference Proceedings of the Academy for Design Innovation Management, 2 (1). Academy for Design Innovation Management, London, pp. 629-644. ISBN 9781912769018

Setiawan, Andi and Dunn, Nick and Cruickshank, Leon (2019) Geographical Context Influence on Codesign Practice Between Indonesia and the UK Context. The Design Journal, 22 (Suppl.). pp. 763-776. ISSN 1460-6925

Whitham, Roger and Cruickshank, Leon and Coupe, Gemma and Wareing, Laura and Pérez, David (2019) Health and Wellbeing : Challenging Co- Design for Difficult Conversations, Successes and Failures of the Leapfrog Approach. The Design Journal, 22 (Suppl.). pp. 575-587. ISSN 1460-6925

Davenport, Jeremy and Cooper, Rachel and Cruickshank, Leon (2018) Exploring the theory and practice of knowledge exchange : intention, context and characteristics. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

Setiawan, Andi and Dunn, Nicholas Simon and Cruickshank, Leon (2018) The Influence of Collective Culture on Co-design Practice in Indonesian Cities : Case Studies from Jakarta, Solo, and Malang. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTONIC, SPATIAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN, 12 (4). pp. 25-35. ISSN 2325-1670

Cruickshank, Leon and Whitham, Roger and Rice, Gayle and Alter, Hayley (2017) Designing, Adapting and Selecting Tools for Creative Engagement : A Generative Framework. Swedish Design Research Journal, 15 (1). pp. 42-51. ISSN 2000-7574

Coupe, Gemma and Cruickshank, Leon (2017) Providing Fast Flowing Calm Waters : The role of the Design Manager in mid-large scale Public Sector Co-Design Projects. The Design Journal, 20 (Suppl.). S3401-S3412. ISSN 1460-6925

Cruickshank, Leon and Trivedi, Nina (2017) When Your Toaster is a Client, how do you design? : Going Beyond Human Centred Design. The Design Journal, 20 (Suppl.). S4158-S4170. ISSN 1460-6925

Whitham, Roger Denis Redmayne and Cruickshank, Leon (2017) The function and future of the folder. Interacting with Computers, 29 (5). 629–647. ISSN 0953-5438

Cruickshank, Leon and Trivedi, Nina (2017) Beyond Human-Centred Design : Supporting a New Materiality in the Internet of Things, or How to Design When a Toaster is One of Your Users. The Design Journal, 20 (5). pp. 561-576. ISSN 1460-6925

Bull, Christopher Neil and Whittle, Jon and Cruickshank, Leon (2016) Studios in software engineering education. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

Jung, Je Yon and Evans, Martyn and Cruickshank, Leon (2016) Exploring the core of design thinking and design practice. In: 11th European Academy of Design Conference, 2015-04-22 - 2015-04-24, Paris Descartes University.

Yu, Eun and Sangiorgi, Daniela and Cruickshank, Leon (2016) Understanding service design practices and contributions to new service development. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

Cruickshank, Leon (2015) Understanding high-impact research through mode 1 and mode 2 research approaches. InImpact: The Journal of Innovation Impact, 6 (2). pp. 165-180. ISSN 2051-6002

Hennessy, Dee and Cooper, Rachel and Cruickshank, Leon (2015) Frameworks for effective improvised facilitation. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

Cruickshank, Leon and Atkinson, Paul (2014) Closing in on Open Design. The Design Journal, 17 (3). pp. 361-377. ISSN 1460-6925

Cruickshank, Leon (2014) Beyond the castle : co-designing with 2,000 people, a Roman centurion, swamp fairy and free pizza. In: Creative Citizens, 2014-09-18 - 2014-11-19.

Lee, Bruce and Cooper, Rachel and Cruickshank, Leon (2014) Inside designer's head : how design solutions are evolved in real world situations. In: R&D Management Conference 2014, 2014-06-01.

Cruickshank, Leon (2014) New design processes for knowledge exchange tools for the New IDEAS project. In: The Creative Exchange Conference, 2014-07-01.

Morris, Laura and Cruickshank, Leon (2013) New design processes for knowledge exchange tools for the New IDEAS project. In: The Knowledge Exchange: an interactive conference, 2013-09-26 - 2013-09-27.

Bull, Christopher and Whittle, Jon and Cruickshank, Leon (2013) Studios in software engineering education : Towards an evaluable model. In: ICSE '13 Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering :. ACM, USA, pp. 1063-1072. ISBN 978-1-4673-3076-3

Cruickshank, Leon and Coupe, Gemma and Hennesy, Dee (2013) Beyond the castle : public space co-design, a case study and guidelines for designers. Swedish Design Research Journal, 2. pp. 48-57. ISSN 2000-7574

Acklin, Claudia and Cruickshank, Leon and Evans, Martyn (2013) Challenges of introducing new design and design management knowledge into the innovation activities of SMEs with little or no prior design experience. In: Creating the Future: 10th European Academy of Design Conference, 2013-04-17 - 2013-04-19.

Hernandez, Gabriel and Evans, Martyn and Cruickshank, Leon (2013) Design history and the history of designing. In: Creating the Future: 10th European Academy of Design Conference, 2013-04-17 - 2013-04-19.

Acklin, Claudia and Cruickshank, Leon and Evans, Martyn and Cooper, Rachel (2013) Design management absorption in SMEs with little or no prior design experience. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

Bull, Christopher and Whittle, Jon and Cruickshank, Leon (2013) Software engineering studios in practice : when is a studio really a studio? In: IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing, 2013-09-15 - 2013-09-19. (Unpublished)

Chisholm, John and Evans, Martyn and Cruickshank, Leon (2013) The application of design practice to policy design, implementation and evaluation, innovation policy and local participation. In: Can Design Innovation Policy Be Participatory?, 2013-06-01.

Cruickshank, Leon and Mortati, Marzia (2012) Design and SMEs : the trigger if creative ecosystems. In: DPPI, 2011-06-22 - 2011-06-25.

Cruickshank, Leon and Evans, Martyn (2012) Designing creative frameworks: Design thinking as an engine for new facilitation approaches. International Journal of Arts and Technology, 5 (1). pp. 73-85. ISSN 1754-8853

Lee, Yi-Chang and Cooper, Rachel and Cruickshank, Leon (2012) Effective design decision-making in early stage of new product development process for SMEs. In: 13th Rapid Design, Prototyping & Manufacturing Conference (RDPM 2012), 2012-06-22 - 2012-06-22.

Cruickshank, Leon and Bohemia, E and Blythe, M and Fain, N and Kovacevic, A and Sterie, J (2012) Exploring New Forms of Online Collaborative Design: Workshop Discussion Paper. University of Zagreb.

Cruickshank, Leon and Whitham, Roger Denis Redmayne and Morris, Laura (2012) Innovation Through The Design Of Knowledge Exchange And The Design Of Knowledge Exchange Design. In: DMI Conference - Leading Innovation Through Design, 2012-08-07.

Cruickshank, Leon and Mortati, Marzia (2012) Nets : applied cognitive design tools for social networks. International Journal of Arts and Technology, n/a (n/a). n/a. ISSN 1754-8853

Lee, Bruce and Cooper, Rachel and Cruickshank, Leon (2012) A practice-based methodology for investigating decision-making in early stage of new product development. In: 13th Rapid Design, Prototyping & Manufacturing Conference (RDPM 2012), 2012-06-22 - 2012-06-22.

Lee, Bruce and Cooper, Rachel and Cruickshank, Leon (2012) A practice-based methodology for investigating design decision-making in early stage of new product development. In: Curiosity and Serendipity - a conference on qualitative methods in the social sciences, 2012-09-20 - 2012-09-21, Lund University.

Wood, Richard Tempest and Coulton, Paul and Cruickshank, Leon (2011) The fluidity of the ‘magic circle’ : using playful interventions in the design process. In: 5th DiGRA : Think Design Play, 2011-09-14 - 2011-09-17.

Herfurth, Lorenz and Cruickshank, Leon (2011) Challenging Traditional KT: Co-designing Innovative Approaches to Knowledge Exchange. In: IKT International Conference on Challenges for Knowledge Transfer: A Time for Change, 2011-07-07.

Cruickshank, Leon and Mortati, Marzia (2011) Design and SMEs: the trigger of creative ecosystems. In: DPPI, 2011-06-22 - 2011-06-25.

Cruickshank, Leon and Carr, Valerie (2011) Design for social innovation : community centred knowledge exchange. In: IKT International Conference on Challenges for Knowledge Transfer: A Time for Change, 2011-07-07.

Cruickshank, Leon and Fogg, Helen and Whitham, Roger (2011) IDEAS at Daresbury. Lancaster University, Lancaster. ISBN 978-1-862202-287-0

Jung, Jeyon and Evans, Martyn and Cruickshank, Leon (2011) A Need to Develop Designerly Approaches to Identify the Core of Design. In: The Endless End, The 9th International European Academy of Design Conference, 2011-05-04 - 2011-05-07.

Cruickshank, Leon and Carolan, Natasha (2011) Understanding Design Interventions in Democratic Innovation: a Toolkit Approach. Design Research Journal, 2 (10). pp. 33-38. ISSN 2000-7574

Cruickshank, Leon (2011) Walking the High Wire - New Modes of Interaction Between Academic Design Research and Business Engagement in the UK. In: IKT International Conference on Challenges for Knowledge Transfer: A Time for Change, 2011-07-07.

Cruickshank, Leon and Mather, Alison and Evans, Martyn (2010) Applied Imagination - Designing Innovative Knowledge Transfer Approaches. In: Innovation Through Knowledge Transfer :. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 2010 . Springer-Verlag,, Berlin, pp. 219-229. ISBN 9783642145933

Cruickshank, Leon (2010) The Case for a Re-evaluation of Deconstruction and Design: Against Derrida, Eisenman and their Choral Works. In: O Triunfo do Desenho :. Livros Horizonte, Lisboa, Portugal, pp. 353-361. ISBN 978-972-24-1674-0

Carolan, Natasha and Cruickshank, Leon (2010) Cutting out the middle wo(man) - the implications of co-design and digital fabrication for the design profession. In: FISCAR Design and Activity Theory Conference, 2010-05-01.

Cruickshank, Leon (2010) Designing Company Interactions: Innovation In Knowledge Exchange. In: FISCAR Design and Activity Theory Conference, 2010-05-01.

Whitham, Roger and Cruickshank, Leon (2010) Informing the design of virtual environments for personal work with physical information technologies. In: FISCAR Design and Activity Theory Conference, 2010-05-01.

Cruickshank, Leon (2010) The Innovation Dimension: Designing in a Broader Context. Design Issues, 26 (2). pp. 17-26. ISSN 0747-9360

Mortati, Marzia and Cruickshank, Leon (2010) The Net approach: Social Networks in action and Design cognitive tools. In: ENGAGE HEI Open Innovation and HEIs, 2010-05-20 - 2010-05-21.

Cruickshank, Leon (2010) New user-led design processes for digital presentation. In: FISCAR Design and Activity Theory Conference, 2010-05-01.

Cruickshank, Leon (2010) Walking The Highwire - New Modes Of Interaction Between Academic Design Research And Business Engagement In UK. In: FISCAR Design and Activity Theory Conference, 2010-05-01.

Cruickshank, Leon and Evans, Martyn (2009) Designing for User Generated Contributions: Changing approaches in industry. In: Gamejam, 2009-01-01.

Cruickshank, Leon and Mather, Alison and Howells, Jeremy (2009) IDEAS: A Knowledge Platform for Innovation, Competitive Performance and Economic Development. In: The 32nd ISBE (Institute for Small Business and Entrepreneurship) Conference - Liverpool, 3rd to 6th November 2009 :. UNSPECIFIED.

Cruickshank, Leon and Mather, Al (2009) Using Imagination - Designing Innovative Knowledge Transfer Approaches. In: Innovation In Knowledge Transfer, 2009-12-01.

Cruickshank, Leon (2009) The case for a re-evaluation of deconstruction and design : against Derrida, Eisenman and their choral works. The Radical Designist (3).

Cruickshank, Leon and Evans, Martyn (2008) Media Communication, Consumption and Use: The changing role of the designer. In: DRS Undisciplined Conference, 2008-01-01.

Cruickshank, Leon and Tsekleves, Emmanuel and Whitham, Roger and Hill, Annette and Kondo, Kaoruko (2007) Making interactive TV easier to use : interface design for a second screen approach. The Design Journal, 10 (3). pp. 41-53. ISSN 1756-3062

Tsekleves, Emmanuel and Cruickshank, Leon and Hill, Annette and Kondo, Koko and Whitham, Roger (2007) Interacting with digital media at home via a second screen. In: Multimedia Workshops, 2007. ISMW '07. Ninth IEEE International Symposium on :. IEEE, GBR, pp. 201-206. ISBN 9780-7695-3084-0

Cruickshank, Leon (2006) A Provocative Educational Application of a New Approach to Design Methodology. In: Wonderground Design Research Society, 2006-11-01 - 2006-11-04.

Cruickshank, Leon and Hill, Annette and Tsekleves, Emmanuel and Kondo, Koko (2006) User-Led Interactive Television, Identifying and Addressing Some of the Barriers to Accessible Interactive TV. In: CHI2006, 2006-04-24.

Cruickshank, Leon and Cosmas, J. and Elgohari, T. and Itagaki, K. (2005) Rapid Prototyping and Fast User Trial of Multimedia Broadcast and Cellular Services. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 3 (3). pp. 263-286. ISSN 1470-949X

Cruickshank, Leon (2004) CSpace: an adaptive, user-led communication service exploiting the convergence of DVB-T and UMTS in portable devices. In: Mobile Entertainment: User Centered Perspectives CRIC University of Manchester ISBN: 1-84052012-4 25-27 March 2004, 1900-01-01.

Tsekleves, Emmanuel and Cosmas, John and Cruickshank, Leon (2004) Disseminating & Promoting Cultural Heritage Sites to People "on the move" employing Digital Television. In: 1st ECE Postgraduate Research Conference, Brunel University, 2004-03-08.

Berg, M and Cosmas, J and Itigaki, T and Cruickshank, Leon and Lucas, A and Krishnapillai, K and Zheng, L and Elgohari, L (2003) Converged DVB-T and GPRS Service Scenarios and Application Production Tools. In: ConfTele2003, 2003-09-10.

Cosmas, J and Itigaki, T and Cruickshank, Leon and Elgohari, L and Harris, G and Lucas, A (2003) Simulation and User Trial Results of a Converged DVB-T and GPRS Sports Service. In: ConfTele2003, 2003-09-10.

Elgohari, L and Lucas, A and Krishnapillai, K and Zheng, L and Cosmas, J and Cruickshank, Leon and Itigaki, T (2002) Converging DVB-T and UMTS Mobile Service Requirements and User Interface Design. EPSRC.

Cosmas, J and Itigaki, T and Cruickshank, Leon and Zheng, L and Krishnapillai, K and Lucas, A and Elgohari, L (2002) System Concept of a Novel Convergence DVB-T and UMTS Mobile System. In: IEE &IEEE London Communications Symposium, University College, 2002-09-09.

Cruickshank, Leon (2001) Design Philosophy into Teaching - The Development of Innovative Pedagogic Strategies in Graphic Design. The Glasgow School of Art Press, Glasgow.

Cruickshank, Leon and Barfield, Lon (2000) The Augmenting of Textual Conversation with User Created Icons. In: Iconic communication :. Intellect Books, Bristol. ISBN 9781841500164

Cruickshank, Leon (2000) Process as Practice. In: Exchange 2000, 2000-11-02.

Cruickshank, Leon and Barnfield, L. and Slocombe, S. and Yazdani, M. (1999) Augmenting textual communication with user created icons. In: 3rd National Conference on Iconic Communication, 1999-11-09.

Cruickshank, Leon (1999) The Changing Role of the Designer. In: The Graphic Design Officers Conference, Ministry of Defence, 1999-05-12.

Cruickshank, Leon and Hughes, B (1999) Facilitating the Evolution of a User Driven Iconotextual Internet Patois. In: 2nd National Conference on Iconic Communication, 1999-01-07.

Cruickshank, Leon and Hughes, Brian (1999) Facilitating the evolution of a user driven iconotextual internet patois. Digital Creativity, 10 (2). pp. 79-89. ISSN 1462-6268

Cruickshank, Leon (1999) Generative Tools, Using the postmodern. In: Visual Narrative Matrix Conference, Southampton Institute, 1999-11-15.

Cruickshank, Leon (1999) Playing in the Park of the Future. In: ACRO No.10, 1999-07-08.

Cruickshank, Leon and Hughes, Brian (1999) An adaptive 'iconotextual' approach to textual communication on the internet. Hyphen, 1 (2). pp. 44-58.

Cruickshank, Leon (1998) A Rational for Non-Heirarchical Design Processes. In: 5th National Product Design Education Conference, 1998-07-06.