On Depth, Robustness and Performance Using the Data Re-Uploading Single-Qubit Classifier

Easom, Philip and Bouridane, Ahmed and Belatreche, Ammar and Jiang, Richard (2021) On Depth, Robustness and Performance Using the Data Re-Uploading Single-Qubit Classifier. IEEE Access, 9. pp. 65127-65139. ISSN 2169-3536

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Abstract

Quantum machine learning (QML) is a new field in its’ infancy, promising performance enhancements over many classical machine learning (ML) algorithms. Data reuploading is a QML algorithm with a focus on utilizing the power of a singular qubit as an individually capable classifier. Recently, there have been studies set out to explore the concept of data re-uploading in a classification setting, however, important aspects are often not considered in experiments, which may hinder our understanding of the methodology’s performance. In this work, we conduct an analysis of the single-qubit data re-uploading methodology, in relation to the effect that system depth has on classification performance, and robustness against the influence of environmental noise during training. We do this in an effort to bridge together previous works, solidify the concepts of the methodology, and provide reasonable insight into how transferable the methodology is when applied to non-synthetic data. To further demonstrate the findings, we also analyse results of a case study using a subset of MNIST data. From this work, our experimental results support that an increase in system depth can lead to higher classification performance, as well as improved stability during training in noisy environments, with the sharpest performance improvements seemingly occurring between 1-3 uploading layer repetitions. Leading on from our experimental results, we also suggest areas that for further exploration, to ensure we can maximize classification performance when using the data re-uploading methodology.