High-level triggers in ATLAS

Radu, A. and Mommsen, K. and Baines, J. T. M. and Baratella, A. and Morettini, P. and Parodi, F. and Smizanska, Maria (2002) High-level triggers in ATLAS. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 49 (2). pp. 377-382. ISSN 0018-9499

Abstract

The trigger and data-acquisition system of ATLAS, a general-purpose experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), will be based on three levels of online selection. Starting from the bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz (an interaction rate of 1 GHz at design luminosity— 1034 cm 2s 1), the first level trigger (LVL1) will reduce the rate to about 75 kHz using purpose-built hardware. An additional factor of about 103 in rate reduction is to be provided by the high-level triggers (HLTs) system, with two main functional components: the second-level trigger (LVL2) and the event filter (EF). LVL2 has to provide a fast decision (guided by the information from LVL1), using only a fraction of the full event, however, already at full granularity and can combine all subdetectors. At the EF, a refined selection is made with the capability of full event reconstruction and the use of detailed calibration and alignment parameters. The HLT software architecture will provide a common and rather “lightweight” framework, able to execute the various selection algorithms and to control the sequence of execution according to the event properties and configuration parameters. System flexibility is a strong requirement in order to adapt to changes, e.g., in luminosity and background conditions. This paper will present the approach chosen for the software design of the HLT selection framework and of the algorithm interface, giving examples for selection sequences and algorithms. Based on currently existing prototypes, results for both the expected physics (signal efficiency, background rejection) and system (execution time) performance will also be shown.