The influence of pupil alignment on spectator address in Manet's portraiture

Donnelly, Nick and Harland, Elizabeth Jane and Thompson, Natalie and Liversedge, Simon Paul (2017) The influence of pupil alignment on spectator address in Manet's portraiture. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 11 (2). pp. 167-178. ISSN 1931-3896

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Abstract

Participants judged 94 portraits painted by Édouard Manet (70), Gustave Courbet (12) and Henri Fantin-Latour (12) for horizontal and vertical pupil misalignment and gaze ambiguity (Experiment 1) and focal point of gaze (Experiment 2). Eye movements were also measured as participants considered the extent to which sitters in the same portraits acknowledged viewers (spectators; Experiment 3). The results showed Manet portraits to be frequently painted with misaligned pupils that are associated with gaze ambiguity, especially when misaligned on the vertical axis. This ambiguity of gaze was associated with the average focal point of gaze as being judged further up and to the left of the centre for ambiguous relative to non-ambiguous portraits. These decisions in relation to portraits displaying ambiguous gaze were associated with increased eye-movements to the eye region relative to those portraits not displaying ambiguity. Finally, ratings of acknowledgement taken in Experiment 3 correlated with those of gaze ambiguity taken in Experiment 1. The results are interpreted in terms of the role of eye gaze in influencing spectatorship of portraits and, specifically, Fried’s theory of the ‘double relation’ (Fried 1980; Fried 1996) between painting and spectator in the paintings of Manet.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts
Additional Information:
©American Psychological Association, 2017. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: 10.1037/aca0000096
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1200/1213
Subjects:
?? manet portraitgazepupil allignmentvisual arts and performing artsdevelopmental and educational psychologyapplied psychology ??
ID Code:
83791
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
26 Jan 2017 15:14
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
11 Mar 2024 00:25