Tyrosinase, could it be a missing link in ochronosis in alkaptonuria?

Taylor, Adam Michael and Kammath, Vishnu and Bleakley, Aaron (2016) Tyrosinase, could it be a missing link in ochronosis in alkaptonuria? Medical Hypotheses, 91. pp. 77-80. ISSN 0306-9877

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Abstract

The hypothesis that is proposed is that tyrosinase, an enzyme widely found within the human body is implicated in the ochronosis that occurs in alkaptonuria; an autosomal recessive condition first used by Archibald Garrod to describe the theory of “Inborn Errors of Metabolism.” The disease results from the absence of a single enzyme in the liver that breaks down homogentisic acid; this molecule becomes systemically elevated in sufferers. The condition is characterised by a clinical triad of symptoms; homogentisic aciduria from birth, ochronosis (darkening) of collagenous tissues (from ∼30years of age) and ochronotic osteoarthropathy in weight bearing joints due to long term ochronosis in them (from ∼40years of age). Tyrosinase, a polyphenol oxidase has been shown in many species to contribute to the darkening of tissues in many organisms; including humans in the production of melanin. Tyrosinase under the right conditions shows alterations in its substrate specificity and may contribute to the darkening seen in AKU where it moves away from polymerising tyrosine but also homogentisic acid, the causative molecule in alkaptonuria, that is present in excess.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Medical Hypotheses
Additional Information:
This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Medical Hypotheses. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Medical Hypotheses, 91, 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.04.001
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2700
Subjects:
?? general medicinemedicine(all) ??
ID Code:
79079
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
14 Apr 2016 15:26
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
27 Aug 2024 23:51