Evaluation of Treatment Descriptions and Alignment With Clinical Guidance of Apps for Depression on App Stores : Systematic Search and Content Analysis (Preprint)

Bowie-DaBreo, Dionne and Sünram-Lea, Sandra I and Sas, Corina and Iles-Smith, Heather (2019) Evaluation of Treatment Descriptions and Alignment With Clinical Guidance of Apps for Depression on App Stores : Systematic Search and Content Analysis (Preprint). Other. JMIR Preprints.

Abstract

Background: There is great promise in the use of mental health apps for the treatment of depression. Yet, research has highlighted concerns with publicly available apps for depression including issues with transparency, data privacy, and research evidence. These shortcomings present potential ethical issues which warrant further exploration. Objective: The present research builds on previous analyses and reviews to explore potential ethical issues of publicly available apps for depression. Methods: We conducted an in-depth review and content analysis of all apps for depression within the two main apps stores (Google Play store and Apple iTunes). App store listings were reviewed and analysed for ethical issues and concepts, including reported use of evidence-informed treatment approaches and strategies. Results: A total of 353 unique apps for depression were included in the review. Analysis of app store listings uncovered ethical issues in the areas of: validity, privacy, risks and safety, effectiveness, access to care, and responsibility. There was an insufficiency of information provided to users to allow them to make informed decisions prior to download and use of the apps, with app developers and app stores called upon to take small steps to improving the marketing of publicly available mental health apps. Conclusions: Several ethical issues were evident throughout the app store listings of apps for depression highlighting challenges for users to make informed treatment decisions. Recommendations for improved ethical practices are provided.