PANDAS : Peer-to-peer, Adaptive Networking Allowing Data Availability Sampling within Ethereum Consensus Timebounds

Pigaglio, Matthieu and Ascigil, Onur and Król, Michał and Lange, Felix and Peero, Kaleem and Rene, Sergi and Sadre, Ramin and Stankovic, Vladimir and Rivière, Etienne (2025) PANDAS : Peer-to-peer, Adaptive Networking Allowing Data Availability Sampling within Ethereum Consensus Timebounds. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Middleware Conference :. ACM, USA, pp. 167-179. ISBN 9798400715549

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Abstract

Layer-2 protocols such as rollups can help address Ethereum's throughput limits. An efficient data availability layer is key for layer-2 support in Ethereum, but broadcast methods do not scale. A promising approach is the selective distribution of layer-2 data and its verification by data availability sampling (DAS). Integrating DAS with Ethereum consensus is, however, a challenge, as data must be shared and sampled within 4 seconds of each consensus slot. We propose PANDAS, a practical approach to integrating DAS with Ethereum without modifying Ethereum's core protocols. PANDAS disseminates layer-2 data and samples its availability using lightweight, direct exchanges. Its design accounts for message loss, node failures, and unresponsive participants. Our evaluation in a 1,000-node cluster and simulations for up to 20,000 peers show that PANDAS allows layer-2 data dissemination and sampling under planetary-scale latencies within the 4-second deadline.