Foot Temperature Measurement in People With Diabetes : Validation of a Non-Contact Thermal Device

Burokiene, Neringa and Guzaitis, Jonas and Boulton, Andrew J M and Vileikytė, Loretta and Liekiene, Daina and Zajanckauskas, Rytis and Reeves, Neil D (2025) Foot Temperature Measurement in People With Diabetes : Validation of a Non-Contact Thermal Device. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology: 1932296825. ISSN 1932-2968

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Abstract

BackgroundFoot temperature monitoring can prevent diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). This technical report determined the validity of the Feetsee device (InvCam) in measuring temperature differences between feet compared with current reference standard: FlirA615, with Food and Drug Administration-approved TotalVision software (RefCam).MethodsMeasurements were taken in 107 participants (mean age: 48 years; 49% female) across three groups: people with diabetes and active foot ulcer (DFU, n = 38; 57 ± 12.2 years), diabetes without ulcers (diabetes mellitus DM, n = 35; 51.5 ± 16.3 years), and healthy young controls without diabetes (C, n = 34; 34.2 ± 10.7 years).ResultsStrong agreement was shown in foot temperature measurements between the devices with no systematic bias, an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95 and typical error of 0.31 deg.ConclusionsThe InvCam system demonstrated validity for foot temperature measurement compared with the current reference standard and offers the advantage over current systems of being non-contact, eliminating the risk of infection and cross-contamination.