Enable Quantum Graph Neural Networks on a Single Qubit with Quantum Walk

Zhu, Yijie and Jiang, Richard and Ni, Qiang and Bouridane, Ahmed (2025) Enable Quantum Graph Neural Networks on a Single Qubit with Quantum Walk. IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence. ISSN 2691-4581

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Abstract

Quantum computing holds significant potential for advancing machine learning, particularly in handling complex graph-structured data. This paper introduces Single-Qubit Quantum Graph Neural Networks (sQGNNs), a novel model that integrates quantum networks with quantum walk operations to improve generalization in graph learning tasks. By leveraging quantum walks, we demonstrated sQGNNs capture complex relational patterns and enhance network expressiveness beyond classical methods. Our results proved that quantum encoding efficiently represents high-dimensional graph data, preserving dependencies and optimizing memory use. Across benchmark datasets, sQGNNs demonstrate superior generalization and robustness against overfitting, achieving higher accuracy with reduced computational cost. Our results underscore sQGNNs’ promise for scalable, quantum-enhanced graph learning, establishing a foundation for future quantum-assisted machine learning applications.