Brain Segregation and Integration Relate to Word-Finding Abilities in Older and Younger Adults

Oosterhuis, Elise and Bailey, Neil and Slade, Kate and May, Patrick and Nuttall, Helen E (2025) Brain Segregation and Integration Relate to Word-Finding Abilities in Older and Younger Adults. Neurobiology of Language, 6 (1): 6: nol.a.7.

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Abstract

Previous research has shown that word-finding difficulties in older age are associated with functional and structural brain changes. Functional brain networks, measured through electroencephalography, reflect the brain’s neurophysiological organisation. However, the utility of functional brain networks, to predict word-finding in older and younger adults has not yet been investigated. This study utilised eyes-closed resting-state electroencephalography data (61 channels) from the Leipzig Study for Mind-Body-Emotion Interactions dataset (Babayan et al., 2019) to investigate the relationship between functional brain networks and word-finding ability in 53 healthy right-handed younger (aged 20–35) and 53 (aged 59–77) older adults. Brain segregation reflects the efficiency of localised brain regions to process information, while brain integration reflects the efficiency of global information processing between distant brain regions. Word-finding ability was quantified as the number of orally produced words during a semantic and letter fluency task. Multiple linear regression revealed that, in older adults, greater synchronised brain activity was associated with lower semantic fluency. Irrespective of age, greater brain segregation was related to lower semantic fluency. Increased brain integration corresponded to greater semantic fluency in older adults. Both older and younger participants with a more optimised balance between brain segregation and integration performed better on semantic fluency. These findings suggest that word-finding ability seems to be related to brain segregation and integration, possibly indicating alterations in cognitive control or compensatory changes in brain activity. The article further provides a discussion on neural dedifferentiation, hyper-synchronisation, study limitations, and directions for future research.