Efficient Public Good Provision Between and Within Groups

Anwar, Chowdhury Mohammad Sakib and Bruno, Jorge and Foucart, Renaud and Sen Gupta, Sonali (2025) Efficient Public Good Provision Between and Within Groups. Games and Economic Behavior, 150. pp. 183-190. ISSN 0899-8256

Abstract

We generalize the model of Gallice and Monzón (2019) to incorporate a public goods game with groups, position uncertainty, and observational learning. Contributions are simultaneous within groups, but groups play sequentially based on their observation of an incomplete sample of past contributions. We show that full cooperation between and within groups is possible with self-interested players on a fixed horizon. Position uncertainty implies the existence of an equilibrium where groups of players conditionally cooperate in the hope of influencing further groups. Conditional cooperation implies that each group member is pivotal, so that efficient simultaneous provision within groups is an equilibrium.