The RAdio Galaxy Environment Reference Survey (RAGERS) : Evidence of an anisotropic distribution of submillimeter galaxies in the 4C 23.56 protocluster at z=2.48

Zhou, Dazhi and Greve, Thomas R. and Gullberg, Bitten and Lee, Minju M. and Mascolo, Luca Di and Dicker, Simon R. and Romero, Charles E. and Chapman, Scott C. and Chen, Chian-Chou and Cornish, Thomas and Devlin, Mark J. and Ho, Luis C. and Kohno, Kotaro and Lagos, Claudia D. P. and Mason, Brian S. and Mroczkowski, Tony and Wagg, Jeff F. W. and Wang, Q. Daniel and Wang, Ran and Brinch, Malte and Dannerbauer, Helmut and Jiang, Xue-Jian and Lauritsen, Lynge R. B. and Vijayan, Aswin P. and Vizgan, David and Wardlow, Julie L. and Sarazin, Craig L. and Sarmiento, Karen P. and Serjeant, Stephen and Bhandarkar, Tanay A. and Haridas, Saianeesh K. and Moravec, Emily and Orlowski-Scherer, John and Sievers, Jonathan L. R. and Tanaka, Ichi and Wang, Yu-Jan and Zeballos, Milagros and Laza-Ramos, Andres and Liu, Yuanqi and Hassan, Mohd Shaiful Rizal and Jwel, Abdul Kadir Md and Nazri, Affan Adly and Lim, Ming-Kang and Ibrahim, Ungku Ferwani Salwa Ungku (2024) The RAdio Galaxy Environment Reference Survey (RAGERS) : Evidence of an anisotropic distribution of submillimeter galaxies in the 4C 23.56 protocluster at z=2.48. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 690: A196. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

High-redshift radio(-loud) galaxies (H$z$RGs) are massive galaxies with powerful radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and serve as beacons for protocluster identification. However, the interplay between H$z$RGs and the large-scale environment remains unclear. To understand the connection between H$z$RGs and the surrounding obscured star formation, we investigated the overdensity and spatial distribution of submillimeter-bright galaxies (SMGs) in the field of 4C\,23.56, a well-known H$z$RG at $z=2.48$. We used SCUBA-2 data ($\sigma\,{\sim}\,0.6$\,mJy) to estimate the $850\,{\rm \mu m}$ source number counts and examine the radial and azimuthal overdensities of the $850\,{\rm \mu m}$ sources in the vicinity of the H$z$RG. The angular distribution of SMGs is inhomogeneous around the H$z$RG 4C\,23.56, with fewer sources oriented along the radio jet. We also find a significant overdensity of bright SMGs (${\rm S}_{850\rm\,\mu m}\geq5\,$mJy). Faint and bright SMGs exhibit different spatial distributions. The former are concentrated in the core region, while the latter prefer the outskirts of the H$z$RG field. High-resolution observations show that the seven brightest SMGs in our sample are intrinsically bright, suggesting that the overdensity of bright SMGs is less likely due to the source multiplicity.