The Impact of Games on Wellbeing in Autism

Bennett, Becca and Smith, Ian and Sturdee, Miriam (2024) The Impact of Games on Wellbeing in Autism. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

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Abstract

This thesis begins with a systematic literature review exploring the experiences of autistic individuals who engage in multiplayer online gaming. A systematic search of the literature identified 11 papers for inclusion. The papers identified were analysed and synthesised using a meta-ethnographic approach. Four themes emerged from the analysis: 1) Relationships in multiplayer online games are built through a platform of opportunity, 2) Multiplayer online games are a platform to practise and develop communication skills with reduced barriers, 3) Emotional recognition, regulation and expression is facilitated through multiplayer online games, and 4) A sense of belonging and self-esteem contributes to increased wellbeing. The review highlighted that multiplayer online games provide opportunities for players to interact in a way that feels less pressured than the face-to-face world. Additionally, players learn skills that contribute to increased self-esteem and improved wellbeing. It is hoped that findings from this review could be used to help psychologists to think about how they can adapt their work to be more suitable for autistic individuals. The research paper explores the impact of table-top board games on wellbeing and functioning in autistic adults. Ten autistic adults volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews. Verbatim interview transcripts were analysed following the principles of Grounded Theory. Results identified three main themes: the cycle of board game engagement, impact on aspects of autism, impact on wellbeing and functioning. Content of these themes interacted in a variety of ways, represented in a theoretical model. Limitations for the research, along with areas for future research and clinical implications, have been considered. The critical appraisal section of this work pulls together the two pieces of work and discuss how they are related. The processes of qualitative research have also been discussed, along with personal reflections. Future directions for the work have been identified.