Misreported non-aqueous reference potentials : The battery research endemic

Murdock, B.E. and Armstrong, C.G. and Smith, D.E. and Tapia-Ruiz, N. and Toghill, K.E. (2022) Misreported non-aqueous reference potentials : The battery research endemic. Joule, 6 (5). pp. 928-934. ISSN 2542-4351

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Abstract

Often the evaluation of energy storage systems which use non-aqueous media requires the use of three-electrode electrochemical cells that employ a stable and reliable reference electrode. The existence of such a reference electrode is a non-trivial matter which has led to extensive misuse and misreporting across the field of battery research. This commentary highlights the current challenges in non-aqueous referencing which are commonly overlooked and offers best practices for acknowledging and accounting for such challenges when reporting data which heavily relies on having accurate reference potentials.