Light‑responsive nanomaterials with pro‑oxidant and anti‑oxidant activity

Podder, Soumik and Ghosh, Chandan Kumar and Das, Avijit and Hardy, John (2022) Light‑responsive nanomaterials with pro‑oxidant and anti‑oxidant activity. Emergent Materials. ISSN 2522-574X

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Abstract

Nanomaterials are capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to defect-induced electronic interactions with oxygen and water stimulated by environmental and structural factors (e.g., photonic energy, band edge energy, and morphology) resulting in excellent pro-oxidant activity of nanomaterials. The pro-oxidant activities are demonstrated by the antibacterial activity of nanomaterials under different environmental conditions (e.g., varying light levels). This review examines research related to the pro-oxidant activity of metallic, non-metallic, metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), and their composites. Moreover, there is a scavenging phenomenon for nanomaterials that manifests itself as inhibition of ROS (i.e., anti-oxidant activity) which is also dependent on the electronic property of the nanomaterials, which is examined. These nanomaterials experience a crossover between pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant activities depending on concentration, morphology, etc., which offers the nanomaterials potential for application in cancer therapy and inflammatory disease treatment.