Disposable injection molded conductive electrodes modified with antimony film for the electrochemical determination of trace pb(II) and cd(II)

Christidi, S. and Chrysostomou, A. and Economou, A. and Kokkinos, C. and Fielden, P.R. and Baldock, S.J. and Goddard, N.J. (2019) Disposable injection molded conductive electrodes modified with antimony film for the electrochemical determination of trace pb(II) and cd(II). Sensors, 19 (21): 4809. ISSN 1424-8220

Abstract

This work describes a novel electrochemical sensor fabricated by an injection molding process. This device features a conductive polymer electrode encased in a plastic holder and electroplated in situ with a thin antimony film. The antimony film sensor was applied to the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The deposition of Sb on the sensor was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and microscopy. The experimental variables (concentration of the antimony plating solution, deposition potential and time, stripping waveform) were investigated, and the potential interferences were studied and addressed. The limits of detection were 0.95 μg L−1 for Pb(II) and 1.3 for Cd(II) (at 240 s of preconcentration) and the within-sensor percentage relative standard deviations were 4.2% and 4.9%, respectively, at the 25 μg L−1 level (n = 8). Finally, the sensor was applied to the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in a phosphorite sample and a lake water sample.