Uptake and Diffusion of Ions in Organically Synthesized Porous Carbon for Battery Anode Applications

Heasman, P. and Trewin, A. (2019) Uptake and Diffusion of Ions in Organically Synthesized Porous Carbon for Battery Anode Applications. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 123 (42). pp. 25603-25610. ISSN 1932-7447

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Abstract

Organically synthesized porous carbon (OSPC-1) has a high lithium uptake of 748 mA h g-1, demonstrating that it is a strong contender as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Simulations of the lithium uptake on models generated of OSPC-1 gave values close to the experimentally obtained data. Thus, we assess the potential of OSPC-1 for use as an anode material in batteries of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. We find ion uptakes of 770, 386, 158, and 774 mA h g-1 for Li+, Na+, K+, and Ca2+, respectively. We also study the diffusive capabilities of ions through the OSPC-1 structure via means of active diffusion. The lithium ions were able to diffuse at a greater rate, followed by the divalent ions, Mg2+ and Ca2+, and the monovalent ions, Na+ and K+. All these ions were able to diffuse completely through the OSPC-1 structure with the diffusion rate being dependent on the ionic radius of the ion, coupled with the valency of the ion. Therefore, we show that OSPC-1 also has great potential as an anode material for Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ batteries.