Surface Structure of TiO2 Rutile (011) Exposed to Liquid Water

Balajka, J. and Aschauer, U. and Mertens, S.F.L. and Selloni, A. and Schmid, M. and Diebold, U. (2017) Surface Structure of TiO2 Rutile (011) Exposed to Liquid Water. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 121 (47). pp. 26424-26431. ISSN 1932-7447

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Abstract

The rutile TiO2(011) surface exhibits a (2 × 1) reconstruction when prepared by standard techniques in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). Here we report that a restructuring occurs upon exposing the surface to liquid water at room temperature. The experiment was performed in a dedicated UHV system, equipped for direct and clean transfer of samples between UHV and liquid environment. After exposure to liquid water, an overlayer with a (2 × 1) symmetry was observed containing two dissociated water molecules per unit cell. The two OH groups yield an apparent "c(2 × 1)" symmetry in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images. On the basis of STM analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this overlayer is attributed to dissociated water on top of the unreconstructed (1 × 1) surface. Investigation of possible adsorption structures and analysis of the domain boundaries in this structure provide strong evidence that the original (2 × 1) reconstruction is lifted. Unlike the (2 × 1) reconstruction, the (1 × 1) surface has an appropriate density and symmetry of adsorption sites. The possibility of contaminant-induced restructuring was excluded based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy He+ ion scattering (LEIS) measurements.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Journal of Physical Chemistry C
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2500/2508
Subjects:
?? density functional theoryliquidsmoleculesoxide mineralsscanning tunneling microscopytitanium compoundstitanium dioxideadsorption siteadsorption structuresdissociated watersdomain boundaryion scatteringliquid environmentliquid waterrutile tio2x ray photoel ??
ID Code:
132975
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
18 Apr 2019 08:30
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
16 Jul 2024 11:06