Luminosity reduction caused by phase modulations at the HL-LHC crab cavities

Yamakawa, Emi and Apsimon, Robert James and Baudrenghien, Philippe and Calaga, Rama and Dexter, Amos Christopher (2018) Luminosity reduction caused by phase modulations at the HL-LHC crab cavities. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 908. pp. 338-346. ISSN 0168-9002

[thumbnail of final_version_to_NIMA_of_HiLumi-LHC_lumloss2018 (1)]
Preview
PDF (final_version_to_NIMA_of_HiLumi-LHC_lumloss2018 (1))
final_version_to_NIMA_of_HiLumi_LHC_lumloss2018_1_.pdf - Accepted Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives.

Download (2MB)

Abstract

The design of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) requires two pairs of crab cavities to be installed either side of Interaction Points (IPs) 1 (ATLAS) and 5 (CMS) to compensate for the geometric reduction in luminosity due to the beam crossing angle at the IP. The HL-LHC beam current is a factor of two larger than the LHC design value. The existing RF system has insufficient power to use the existing low level RF (LLRF) scheme for HL-LHC and therefore a new scheme is proposed which results in an irregular bunch pattern in the ring; here in referred to as a phase modulation. In this paper we study the effect of this phase modulation on the crab cavity scheme and the resulting impact on peak luminosity. We have developed an analytical model to calculate the luminosity and its dependence on the related beam and RF parameters. We compare this model to tracking simulations in PYTRACK and show a good agreement between the model and simulations. In the case of a coherent phase error between the counter-rotating bunch trains, having the maximum expected time shift of 100 ps (0.25 radians at the RF frequency), the reduction of analytical peak luminosity is found to be 1.89% when the crabbing voltage is 6.8 MV. For incoherent phase errors, the luminosity reduction for a 100 ps phase error is 5.67%; however the expected incoherent phase error is significantly less than 100 ps. These reductions are not foreseen as an issue when the crabbing scheme is used for luminosity levelling during physics experiments.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Additional Information:
This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, 908, 2018 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2018.08.074
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3100/3106
Subjects:
?? crab cavityluminosityhl-lhcllrfnuclear and high energy physicsengineering (miscellaneous)instrumentation ??
ID Code:
128350
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
18 Oct 2018 12:16
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
22 Nov 2023 00:38