What people want from their professionals : attitudes toward decision-making strategies

Eastwood, Joseph and Snook, Brent and Luther, Kirk (2012) What people want from their professionals : attitudes toward decision-making strategies. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 25 (5). pp. 458-468. ISSN 0894-3257

Abstract

Attitudes toward four types of decision‐making strategies—clinical/fully rational, clinical/heuristic, actuarial/fully rational, and actuarial/ heuristic—were examined across three studies. In Study 1, undergraduate students were split randomly between legal and medical decision‐ making scenarios and asked to rate each strategy in terms of the following: (i) preference; (ii) accuracy; (iii) fairness; (iv) ethicalness; and (v) its perceived similarity to the strategies used by actual legal and medical professionals to make decisions. Studies 2 and 3 extended Study 1 by using a more relevant scenario and a community sample, respectively. Across the three studies, the clinical/fully rational strategy tended to be rated the highest across all attitudinal judgments, whereas the actuarial/heuristic strategy tended to receive the lowest ratings. Considering the two strategy‐differentiating factors separately, clinically based strategies tended to be rated higher than actuarially based strategies, and fully rational strategies were always rated higher than heuristic‐based strategies. The potential implications of the results for professionals’ and those affected by their decisions are discussed.