A multifunctional 3.5 V iron-based phosphate cathode for rechargeable batteries

Ellis, B. L. and Makahnouk, W. R. M. and Makimura, Y. and Toghill, K. and Nazar, L. F. (2007) A multifunctional 3.5 V iron-based phosphate cathode for rechargeable batteries. Nature Materials, 6 (10). pp. 749-753. ISSN 1476-1122

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Abstract

In the search for new positive-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, recent research has focused on nanostructured lithium transition-metal phosphates that exhibit desirable properties such as high energy storage capacity combined with electrochemical stability(1,2). Only one member of this class-the olivine LiFePO4 (ref. 3)-has risen to prominence so far, owing to its other characteristics, which include low cost, low environmental impact and safety. These are critical for large-capacity systems such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Nonetheless, olivine has some inherent shortcomings, including one-dimensional lithium-ion transport and a two-phase redox reaction that together limit the mobility of the phase boundary(4-7). Thus, nanocrystallites are key to enable fast rate behaviour(8,9). It has also been suggested that the long-term economic viability of large-scale Li-ion energy storage systems could be ultimately limited by global lithium reserves, although this remains speculative at present. (Current proven world reserves should be sufficient for the hybrid electric vehicle market, although plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and electric vehicle expansion would put considerable strain on resources and hence cost effectiveness.) Here, we report on a sodium/lithium iron phosphate, A(2)FePO(4)F (A = Na, Li), that could serve as a cathode in either Li-ion or Na-ion cells. Furthermore, it possesses facile two-dimensional pathways for Li+ transport, and the structural changes on reduction-oxidation are minimal. This results in a volume change of only 3.7% that-unlike the olivine-contributes to the absence of distinct two-phase behaviour during redox, and a reversible capacity that is 85% of theoretical.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Nature Materials
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3100/3104
Subjects:
?? MIXED ANIONIC FRAMEWORKCRYSTAL-STRUCTURELITHIUM-IONELECTRODE MATERIALSSODIUM INSERTIONMISCIBILITY GAPFLUOROPHOSPHATELIXFEPO4LIFEPO4MECHANICS OF MATERIALSMATERIALS SCIENCE(ALL)CHEMISTRY(ALL)MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGCONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS ??
ID Code:
71770
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
14 Nov 2014 08:59
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
16 Sep 2023 01:07