The role of GLP-1 in neuronal activity and neurodegeneration

Hölscher, Christian (2010) The role of GLP-1 in neuronal activity and neurodegeneration. Vitamins and Hormones, 84. pp. 331-354. ISSN 0083-6729

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes has been identified as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The underlying mechanism behind this unexpected link is most likely linked to the observed desensitization of insulin receptors in the brain. Insulin acts as a growth factor in the brain and supports neuronal repair, dendritic sprouting, and differentiation. Several drugs have been developed to treat type 2 diabetes which re-synthesize insulin receptors and may be of use to prevent neurodegenerative developments in AD. The incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that facilitates insulin release under high blood sugar conditions. Interestingly, GLP-1 also has very similar growth factor like properties as insulin, and has been shown to protect neurons from toxic effects. In preclinical studies, GLP-1 and longer lasting analogues reduce apoptosis, protect neurons from oxidative stress, induce neurite outgrowth, protect synaptic plasticity and memory formation from the detrimental effects of β-amyloid, and reduce plaque formation and the inflammation response in the brains of mouse models of AD. An advantage of GLP-1 is that it does not affect blood sugar levels in nondiabetic people. Furthermore, recent research has shown that some GLP-1 analogues can cross the blood-brain barrier, including two that are on the market as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. Therefore, GLP-1 analogues show great promise as a novel treatment for AD or other neurodegenerative conditions.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Vitamins and Hormones
Additional Information:
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1310
Subjects:
?? alzheimer diseaseanimalsblood-brain barrierdiabetes mellitus, type 2glucagon-like peptide 1humansnerve degenerationreceptor, insulinendocrinologyphysiology ??
ID Code:
69064
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
03 Apr 2014 11:01
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
15 Jul 2024 14:35