Leading and merging:convex costs, Stackelberg and the merger paradox

Heywood, John and Mcginty, Matthew (2008) Leading and merging:convex costs, Stackelberg and the merger paradox. Southern Economic Journal, 74 (3). pp. 879-893. ISSN 0038-4038

Abstract

This paper examines the consequences of a Stackelberg leader merging with followers when costs are convex. Such mergers are always profitable for the participants, and the followers often do better merging than remaining excluded rivals. This resolution of the merger paradox cannot be generated either by Stackelberg leadership without convex costs or by convex costs without leadership. In addition, with convex costs, a merger with the leader can actually harm excluded rivals (suggesting why they might object to the merger) and increase social welfare.