Single-electron current sources : toward a refined definition of the ampere

Pekola, Jukka P. and Saira, O. -P. and Maisi, Ville F. and Kemppinen, A. and Möttönen, Mikko and Pashkin, Yuri and Averin, D. V. (2013) Single-electron current sources : toward a refined definition of the ampere. Reviews of Modern Physics, 85 (4). pp. 1421-1472. ISSN 0034-6861

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Abstract

The control electrons at the level of the elementary charge e was demonstrated experimentally already in the 1980s. Ever since, the production of an electrical current ef, or its integer multiple, at a drive frequency f has been in a focus of research for metrological purposes.This review discusses the generic physical phenomena and technical constraints that influence single-electron charge transport and presents a broad variety of proposed realizations. Some of them have already proven experimentally to nearly fulfill the demanding needs, in terms of transfer errors and transfer rate, of quantum metrology of electrical quantities, whereas some others are currently ‘‘just’’ wild ideas, still often potentially competitive if technical constraints can be lifted. The important issues of readout of singleelectron events and potential error correction schemes based on them are also discussed. Finally, an account is given of the status of single-electron current sources in the bigger framework of electric quantum standards and of the future international SI system of units, and applications and uses of single-electron devices outside the metrological context are briefly discussed.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Reviews of Modern Physics
Additional Information:
© 2013 American Physical Society
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3100/3100
Subjects:
?? general physics and astronomyphysics and astronomy(all) ??
ID Code:
64514
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
15 May 2013 08:24
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
05 Oct 2024 00:11