Hysteresis and Multistability at the Transition to Turbulence Probed with a NEMS Wire in Superfluid Helium

Midlik, Š. and Danylchenko, P. and Gheorghe, A.N. and Harašta, S. and Mikeš, J. and Zmeev, D.E. and Schmoranzer, D. (2026) Hysteresis and Multistability at the Transition to Turbulence Probed with a NEMS Wire in Superfluid Helium. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 222 (3): 84. ISSN 0022-2291

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Abstract

We present experimental data on the transition to turbulent drag as measured with a superconducting nanowire resonator submerged in superfluid He above 1 K. The transition shows clear hysteretic behaviour in switching between laminar and turbulent regimes, stronger than most previous works in the two-fluid regime. We present and discuss the temperature-dependence of this effect in connection to the instability of the flow in the superfluid component of He II. Additionally, multistability of the turbulent flow is reported, with three distinct metastable states appearing at temperatures below 1.5 K.