Euclid: Quick Data Release (Q1) -- Watching ICM-selected galaxy clusters with Euclid eyes -- prospects of Euclid data in the context of large SZ and X-ray based surveys

UNSPECIFIED (2026) Euclid: Quick Data Release (Q1) -- Watching ICM-selected galaxy clusters with Euclid eyes -- prospects of Euclid data in the context of large SZ and X-ray based surveys. Astronomy and Astrophysics. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

Galaxy clusters detected through their X-ray emission or Sunyaev--Zeldovich effect (SZE), both produced by the intra-cluster medium (ICM), are key probes in cosmological and astrophysical studies. To maximise the scientific return of such surveys, complementary data are required for cluster confirmation and redshift estimation. This is typically provided by wide-field optical and infrared surveys, which are increasingly challenged by ongoing and future ICM-selected samples. In particular, at high redshifts ($z>1$) probed by upcoming SZE-selected samples, current large surveys may be insufficient for reliable confirmation. Deep, high-resolution infrared surveys like Euclid will thus be essential for confirming most high-redshift clusters. We present an analysis of the first sizeable Euclid dataset (Q1), overlapping with several ICM-selected cluster samples. We apply an adaptation of the MCMF cluster confirmation tool to estimate key properties, including redshift and richness, and to predict Euclid's capabilities for high-redshift cluster confirmation. We find promising performance, particularly at high redshifts, while richness estimates at low redshifts ($z