Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (ARIS)-Empowered Satellite Positioning Approach for Indoor Environments †

Zhang, Yu and Sun, Xin and Hou, Tianwei and Li, Anna and Pollin, Sofie and Liu, Yuanwei and Nallanathan, Arumugam (2026) Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (ARIS)-Empowered Satellite Positioning Approach for Indoor Environments †. Engineering Proceedings, 126 (1): 45. ISSN 2673-4591

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Abstract

To mitigate the loss of satellite navigation signals in indoor environments, we propose an active reconfigurable intelligent surface (ARIS)-empowered satellite positioning approach. Deployed on building structures, ARIS reflects navigation signals to indoor receivers to bypass obstructions, providing high-precision positioning services to receivers in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) areas. The path between ARIS and the receiver is defined as the extended line-of-sight (ELoS) path, and an improved carrier phase observation equation is derived to accommodate this path. The receiver compensates for its clock bias through network time synchronization, corrects the actual satellite–ARIS–receiver signal path to the satellite–receiver distance through a distance correction algorithm, and determines the position using the least squares (LS) method. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides positioning services with errors not exceeding 4 m in indoor environments, with time synchronization accuracy within an error range of 10 ns.