Graphene-MoS2 van der Waals Heterostructure applied for optical physical unclonable functions

Wu, Fangling (2024) Graphene-MoS2 van der Waals Heterostructure applied for optical physical unclonable functions. In: Graphene week 2024, 2024-10-14 - 2024-10-18, Prague. (In Press)

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Abstract

Graphene–MoS₂ van der Waals heterostructures are promising for optical physical unclonable functions (O-PUFs) because their photoluminescence is highly sensitive to nanoscale structural variations. In this work, dry-stacked graphene–MoS₂ heterostructures on SiO₂ were studied using room- and low-temperature PL measurements. Compared with bare MoS₂, the heterostructures show modified emission behaviour, including peak shifts, broadening, and spatially varying spectral features, consistent with interlayer coupling effects such as charge transfer, strain, and dielectric screening. These optical variations arise from fabrication-dependent non-uniformities, including stacking order, twist angle, bubbles, wrinkles, contamination, and local defects. Such spatial inhomogeneity creates distinct PL patterns across the heterostructure, which can serve as unique optical fingerprints for authentication. This demonstrates the potential of graphene–MoS₂ as a 2D material platform for O-PUF applications. Future work will focus on encoding PL maps into binary fingerprints and quantitatively evaluating their entropy, uniqueness, and reproducibility.