Rashidi, Shayan and Dada, Lola and Williams, Richard (2025) Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Organisation : Strategies for Implementation of AI in Organisations. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.
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Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a promising technology with significant transformative power to reshape organisations. The influential role of technology in organisational contexts is not a novel concept. However, due to AI's ability to automate tasks traditionally performed only by humans and function as a novel kind of intelligence alongside human experts, further investigation into AI's organisational aspects is needed. In this context, this study advances the organisational studies of AI through three related papers. The systematic literature review paper examines how Digital Transformation (DT) is enabled by AI. Instead of solely focusing on technological aspects of AI, this paper reveals that a combination of technological, organisational, and environmental factors, alongside particular strategies, plays a crucial role for AI-enabled DT. The second research paper, studying knowledge-intensive start-ups, challenges the traditional Knowledge-Based View (KBV) of the firm. It demonstrates how AI can collaborate with Human Intelligence (HI) in the creation and utilisation of both tacit and explicit knowledge. The third paper focuses on higher education settings and adopts an ecosystem perspective to illustrate how Generative AI (Gen AI) functions as a novel intelligent agent by augmenting certain knowledge activities that have traditionally been carried out by HI. Beyond theoretical contributions, the research provides actionable insights for managing AI-based DT and orchestrating the collaboration between AI and HI in the form of augmented intelligence. These insights offer timely guidance for knowledge-intensive organisations to navigate the opportunities and challenges associated with AI adoption, whilst simultaneously gaining and sustaining competitive advantages through innovation.