Fusobacterium in the microbiome : from health to disease across the oral–gut axis and beyond

Li, Zhengrui and Liu, Ji’an and Li, Jing and Zhou, Zhaokai and Huang, Xufeng and Gopinath, Divya and Luo, Peng and Wang, Qi and Shan, Dan (2025) Fusobacterium in the microbiome : from health to disease across the oral–gut axis and beyond. npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, 11 (1): 200. ISSN 2055-5008

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Abstract

Fusobacterium functions as both commensal and pathogen, linking the oral–gut axis to diverse diseases, including cancer. Evidence shows it modulates microbial balance, promotes dysbiosis, and contributes to carcinogenesis by driving inflammation, proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion. This review integrates ecological, molecular, and clinical insights, highlighting its roles in oral and systemic disease and discussing therapeutic potential, underscoring Fusobacterium’s dualistic nature and implications for microbiome-targeted interventions.