Gaussian random fields as an abstract representation of patient metadata for multimodal medical image segmentation

Cassidy, Bill and McBride, Christian and Kendrick, Connah and Reeves, Neil D. and Pappachan, Joseph M. and Raad, Shaghayegh and Yap, Moi Hoon (2025) Gaussian random fields as an abstract representation of patient metadata for multimodal medical image segmentation. Scientific Reports, 15 (1): 18810. ISSN 2045-2322

Abstract

Growing rates of chronic wound occurrence, especially in patients with diabetes, has become a recent concerning trend. Chronic wounds are difficult and costly to treat, and have become a serious burden on health care systems worldwide. Innovative deep learning methods for the detection and monitoring of such wounds have the potential to reduce the impact to patients and clinicians. We present a novel multimodal segmentation method which allows for the introduction of patient metadata into the training workflow whereby the patient data are expressed as Gaussian random fields. Our results indicate that the proposed method improved performance when utilising multiple models, each trained on different metadata categories. Using the Diabetic Foot Ulcer Challenge 2022 test set, when compared to the baseline results (intersection over union = 0.4670, Dice similarity coefficient = 0.5908) we demonstrate improvements of +0.0220 and +0.0229 for intersection over union and Dice similarity coefficient respectively. This paper presents the first study to focus on integrating patient data into a chronic wound segmentation workflow. Our results show significant performance gains when training individual models using specific metadata categories, followed by average merging of prediction masks using distance transforms. All source code for this study is available at: https://github.com/mmu-dermatology-research/multimodal-grf