Identity and discrimination : Black people's experiences of navigating Mental Health systems

Johnson, Mary and Hodge, Suzanne and Kelly, James and Heffernan, Suzanne (2025) Identity and discrimination : Black people's experiences of navigating Mental Health systems. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.

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Abstract

This thesis focuses on the experiences of managing psychological wellbeing for Black people. The literature review explored the role of masculinity within the management of mental health and help seeking for Black males. The empirical paper focuses on the experience of inpatient mental health care for Black patients. Section one details the systematic search of literature across four databases: PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate; the search returned five eligible studies for inclusion. This paper highlighted the pressure to conform to masculine norms and the fractured relationship with Black communities and healthcare professionals. Future research should focus on developing these relationships to encourage engagement with healthcare professionals and services. Section two outlines an empirical study which aimed to explore the role of racial discrimination within the experience of inpatient mental health care for Black patients. Six individuals took part in semi-structured interviews and data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four themes were identified: (1) Loss of freedom and getting stuck; (2) The clash of spirituality, religion and mental health – suppressed by medication and losing identity; (3) The relationship with staff, and (4) Being Black changes things. Findings suggest that restriction, relationships with staff, conflicting agendas, and race and ethnicity were salient factors. This research contributes to literature exploring the experiences of detention for Black people. Section three critically appraises sections one and two, including personal reflections, limitations, and clinical implications.