Moving away from, moving towards and moving against others : An adaptive multi-strategy approach to defend and build resources in self-protection mode

Russell, E. and O'Reilly, J. and Blome, C. and Bussi, M. and Chung, H. and Finney, M. and Johansson, H. and Leon, M. and Leschke, J. and Mytna-Kurekova, L. and Ruffa, C. and Schoyen, M.A. and Thürer, M. and Unt, M. and Verdin, R. and Wallace, C. (2024) Moving away from, moving towards and moving against others : An adaptive multi-strategy approach to defend and build resources in self-protection mode. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 155: 104052. ISSN 0001-8791

Abstract

In the face of extreme and enduring stressors, a self-protection coping mode can be entered to conserve resources (Conservation of Resources (COR) theory principle 4). Self-protection coping is underexplored in COR theory yet may offer insights about how people deal with the significant challenges posed by work today. We investigate this using a large-group collaborative auto-ethnography (CAE) with 15 academic workers during a period when resources were severely stretched or exhausted (the first four months of the Covid-19 lockdown). We identify three defensive coping strategies, applied in self-protection mode, that are akin to Karen Horney's neurotic trends of ‘moving away from’, ‘moving against’ and ‘moving towards’ others. We also identify that, even when in self-protection mode, workers engage in resource (re)investment activities, in an attempt to (re)gain control of, and (re)build resources. These multiple self-protection coping strategies are applied in a seemingly haphazard and interchangeable way but appear to serve an adaptive function for trying out how best to conserve resources, defend the self, and extend resources towards recovery. Our findings emphasize the need for organizations and society to provide support and resources at times of adversity, to help people rebuild their work, their lives and their well-being.