Spexin and nesfatin-1-expressing neurons in the male human claustrum

Pałasz, Artur and Lipiec-Borowicz, Anna and Suszka-Świtek, Aleksandra and Kistowska, Julia and Horká, Petra and Kaśkosz, Andrzej and Piwowarczyk-Nowak, Aneta and Worthington, John J and Mordecka-Chamera, Kinga (2024) Spexin and nesfatin-1-expressing neurons in the male human claustrum. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 136: 102400. ISSN 1873-6300

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Text (Spexin and nesfatin-1-expressing neurons in the male human claustrum) - Accepted Version
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Text (Spexin and nesfatin-1-expressing neurons in the male human claustrum) - Accepted Version
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Text (Spexin and nesfatin-1-expressing neurons in the male human claustrum)
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Abstract

Neuropeptides are involved in numerous brain activities being responsible for a wide spectrum of higher mental functions. The purpose of this concise, structural and qualitative investigation was to map the possible immunoreactivity of the novel regulatory peptides: spexin (SPX) and nesfatin-1 within the human claustrum. SPX is a newly identified peptide, a natural ligand for the galanin receptors (GALR) 2/3, with no molecular structure similarities to currently known regulatory factors. SPX seems to have multiple physiological functions, with an involvement in reproduction and food-intake regulation recently revealed in animal studies. Nesfatin-1, a second pleiotropic neuropeptide, which is a derivative of the nucleobindin-2 (NUCB-2) protein, is characterized by a wide distribution in the brain. Nesfatin-1 is a substance with a strong anorexigenic effect, playing an important role in the neuronal circuits of the hypothalamus that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis. On the other hand, nesfatin-1 may be involved in several important brain functions such as sleep, reproductive behaviour, cognitive processes, stress responses and anxiety. For the first time we detected and described a population of nesfatin-1 and SPX expressing neurons in the human claustrum using immunohistochemical and fluorescent methods. The study presents the novel identification of SPX and nesfatin-1 immunopositive neurons in the human claustrum and their assemblies show similar patterns of distribution in the whole structure.