Pisano, Roberto and Barresi, Antonello A. and Capozzi, Luigi C. and Novajra, Giorgia and Oddone, Irene and Vitale-Brovarone, Chiara (2017) Characterization of the mass transfer of lyophilized products based on X-ray micro-computed tomography images. Drying Technology, 35 (8). pp. 933-938. ISSN 0737-3937
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
This paper proposes a systematic work process for the rapid determination of resistance to vapor flow given by the products being freeze-dried. This approach couples mathematical modeling and 3D nondestructive X-ray imaging to reconstruct the internal structure of lyophilized samples. Knowledge of the internal structure is fundamental to better understand the relationship between freezing and within-product heterogeneity as well as between freezing and the drying behavior of the product being lyophilized. The method was validated upon mannitol-based formulations using various freezing protocols. This stepwise approach was demonstrated to be helpful to lyophilization professionals for the control of within-product heterogeneity and for the optimization of the cycle.