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Alexandre A and Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma and Rocha, Maira and Scudeller, Veridiana Vizoni and Sierra, Rodrigo and Tirado, Milton and van der Heijden, Geertje and Vilanova Torre, Emilio and Ahuite Reategui, Manuel Augusto and Baider, Cláudia and Balslev, Henrik and Cárdenas, Sasha and Casas, Luisa Fernanda and Farfan-Rios, William and Ferreira, Cid and Linares-Palomino, Reynaldo and Mendoza, Casimiro and Mesones, Italo and Urrego Giraldo, Ligia Estela and Villarroel, Daniel and Zagt, Roderick and Alexiades, Miguel N and de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida and Garcia-Cabrera, Karina and Hernandez, Lionel and Palacios Cuenca, Walter and Pansini, Susamar and Pauletto, Daniela and Ramirez Arevalo, Fredy and Sampaio, Adeilza Felipe and Valenzuela Gamarra, Luis and Aragão, Luiz E O C (2023) More than 10,000 pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia. Science, 382 (6666). pp. 103-109. ISSN 0036-8075
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Indigenous societies are known to have occupied the Amazon basin for more than 12,000 years, but the scale of their influence on Amazonian forests remains uncertain. We report the discovery, using LIDAR (light detection and ranging) information from across the basin, of 24 previously undetected pre-Columbian earthworks beneath the forest canopy. Modeled distribution and abundance of large-scale archaeological sites across Amazonia suggest that between 10,272 and 23,648 sites remain to be discovered and that most will be found in the southwest. We also identified 53 domesticated tree species significantly associated with earthwork occurrence probability, likely suggesting past management practices. Closed-canopy forests across Amazonia are likely to contain thousands of undiscovered archaeological sites around which pre-Columbian societies actively modified forests, a discovery that opens opportunities for better understanding the magnitude of ancient human influence on Amazonia and its current state.