Improving quality of experience in adaptive low latency live streaming

Lyko, Tomasz and Broadbent, Matthew and Race, Nicholas and Nilsson, Mike and Farrow, Paul and Appleby, Steve (2024) Improving quality of experience in adaptive low latency live streaming. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 83 (6). pp. 15957-15983. ISSN 1380-7501

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Abstract

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS), the most prominent technology for streaming video over the Internet, suffers from high end-to-end latency when compared to conventional broadcast methods. This latency is caused by the content being delivered as segments rather than as a continuous stream, requiring the client to buffer significant amounts of data to provide resilience to variations in network throughput and enable continuous playout of content without stalling. The client uses an Adaptive Bitrate (ABR) algorithm to select the quality at which to request each segment to trade-off video quality with the avoidance of stalling to improve the Quality of Experience (QoE). The speed at which the ABR algorithm responds to changes in network conditions influences the amount of data that needs to be buffered, and hence to achieve low latency the ABR needs to respond quickly. Llama (Lyko et al. 28) is a new low latency ABR algorithm that we have previously proposed and assessed against four on-demand ABR algorithms. In this article, we report an evaluation of Llama that demonstrates its suitability for low latency streaming and compares its performance against three state-of-the-art low latency ABR algorithms across multiple QoE metrics and in various network scenarios. Additionally, we report an extensive subjective test to assess the impact of variations in video quality on QoE, where the variations are derived from ABR behaviour observed in the evaluation, using short segments and scenarios. We publish our subjective testing results in full and make our throughput traces available to the research community.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Uncontrolled Keywords:
Research Output Funding/yes_externally_funded
Subjects:
?? cmafdashabr algorithmlive streaminglow latencyquality of experiencevideo quality assessmentdatabaseyes - externally fundedhardware and architecturemedia technologysoftwarecomputer networks and communications ??
ID Code:
197515
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
19 Jul 2023 15:50
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
15 Jul 2024 23:55