Realist synthesis protocol for understanding which strategies are effective to prevent urinary tract infection in older people in care homes

Prieto, Jacqui and Wilson, Jennie and Tingle, Alison and Rycroft‐Malone, Jo and Williams, Lynne and Loveday, Heather (2023) Realist synthesis protocol for understanding which strategies are effective to prevent urinary tract infection in older people in care homes. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 79 (9). pp. 3632-3641. ISSN 0309-2402

Abstract

To identify and characterize strategies, which contribute to the prevention of urinary tract infection (UTI) in older people living in care homes. The realist synthesis has four iterative stages to (1) develop initial programme theory; (2) search for evidence; (3) test and refine theory supported by relevant evidence and (4) formulate recommendations. Data from research articles and other sources will be used to explore the connection between interventions and the context in which they are applied in order to understand the mechanisms, which influence the outcomes to prevent UTI. A scoping search of the literature and workshops with stakeholders will identify initial programme theories. These theories will be tested and refined through a systematic search for evidence relating to mechanisms that trigger prevention and recognition of UTI in older people in care homes. Interviews with key stakeholders will establish practical relevance of the theories and their potential for implementation. UTI is the most commonly diagnosed infection in care home residents. Evidence on the effectiveness of strategies to prevent UTI in long-term care facilities does not address the practicality of implementing these approaches in UK care homes. The realist synthesis is designed to examine this important gap in evidence. Our evidence-informed programme theory will help inform programmes to improve practice to reduce the incidence of UTI in older people living in care homes and related research. Patient and public involvement will be crucial to ensuring that our findings reach carers and the public. Involvement of patient and public representatives is embedded throughout the study to ensure it is underpinned by multiple perspectives of importance to care home residents. Our co-investigator representing patient and public involvement is a lay member of the team and will chair the Project Advisory Group, which has two additional lay members. This will help to ensure that our findings and resources reach carers and the public and represent their voice in our publications and presentations to professional and lay audiences. [Abstract copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.]