Social mixing patterns in the UK following the relaxation of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, July to August 2020 : a cross-sectional online survey

Bridgen, Jessica and Jewell, Christopher and Read, Jonathan (2022) Social mixing patterns in the UK following the relaxation of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, July to August 2020 : a cross-sectional online survey. BMJ Open, 12 (12): e059231. ISSN 2044-6055

Text (manuscript_accepted_version)
manuscript_accepted_version.pdf - Accepted Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.
Download (2MB)

Abstract

Objectives: To quantify and characterize non-household contact and to identify the effect of shielding and isolating on contact patterns. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting and participants: Anyone living in the UK was eligible to take part in the study. We recorded 5,143 responses to the online questionnaire between 28 July and 14 August 2020. Outcome measures: Our primary outcome was the daily non-household contact rate of participants. Secondary outcomes were propensity to leave home over a 7 day period, whether contacts had occurred indoors or outdoors locations visited, furthest distance travelled from home, ability to socially distance, and membership of support bubble. Results: The mean rate of non-household contacts per person was 2.9 d-1. Participants attending a workplace (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 3.33, 95%CI 3.02 to 3.66), self-employed (aIRR 1.63, 95%CI 1.43 to 1.87) or working in healthcare (aIRR 5.10, 95%CI 4.29 to 6.10) reported significantly higher non-household contact rates than those working from home. Participants self-isolating as a precaution or following Test and Trace instructions had a lower non-household contact rate than those not self-isolating (aIRR 0.58, 95%CI 0.43 to 0.79). We found limited evidence that those shielding had reduced non-household contacts compared to non-shielders. Conclusion: The daily rate of non-household interactions remained lower than pre-pandemic levels measured by other studies, suggesting continued adherence to social distancing guidelines. Individuals attending a workplace in-person or employed as healthcare professionals were less likely to maintain social distance and had a higher non-household contact rate, possibly increasing their infection risk. Shielding and self-isolating individuals required greater support to enable them to follow the government guidelines and reduce non-household contact and therefore their risk of infection.