Abnormal vibration detection of wind turbine based on temporal convolution network and multivariate coefficient of variation

Zhan, Jun and Wu, Chengkun and Ma, Xiandong and Yang, Canqun and Miao, Qiucheng and Wang, Shilin (2022) Abnormal vibration detection of wind turbine based on temporal convolution network and multivariate coefficient of variation. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 174: 109082. ISSN 0888-3270

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Abstract

A working wind turbine generates a large amount of multivariate time-series data, which contain abundant operation state information and can predict impending anomalies. The anomaly detection of the wind turbine nacelle that houses all of the generating components in a turbine have been challenging due to its inherent complexities, systematic oscillations and noise. To address these problems, this paper proposes an unsupervised time-series anomaly detection approach, which combines deep learning with multi-parameter relative variability detection. A normal behavior model (NBM) of nacelle vibration is firstly built upon training normal historical data of the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system in the high-resolution domain. To better capture the temporal characteristics and frequency information of vibration signals, the vibration spectrum vector is integrated with the multivariate time-series data as inputs and the spectrum-embedded temporal convolutional network (SETCN) is then used to extract latent features. The anomalies are detected through a multi-variate coefficient of variation (MCV) based anomaly assessment index (AAI) of relative variability among vibration residuals and environment parameters of the nacelle. The approach considers the time-series characteristics of input data and preserves the spatio-temporal correlation between variables. Validations using data collected from real-world wind farms demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.