Truncating and zinc-finger variants in GLI2 are associated with hypopituitarism

Corder, M.L. and Berland, S. and Førsvoll, J.A. and Banerjee, I. and Murray, P. and Bratland, E. and Gokhale, D. and Houge, G. and Douzgou, S. (2022) Truncating and zinc-finger variants in GLI2 are associated with hypopituitarism. American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A, 188 (4). pp. 1065-1074. ISSN 1552-4825

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Abstract

Variants in transcription factor GLI2 have been associated with hypopituitarism and structural brain abnormalities, occasionally including holoprosencephaly (HPE). Substantial phenotypic variability and nonpenetrance have been described, posing difficulties in the counseling of affected families. We present three individuals with novel likely pathogenic GLI2 variants, two with truncating and one with a de novo missense variant p.(Ser548Leu), and review the literature for comprehensive phenotypic descriptions of individuals with confirmed pathogenic (a) intragenic GLI2 variants and (b) chromosome 2q14.2 deletions encompassing only GLI2. We show that most of the 31 missense variants previously reported as pathogenic are likely benign or, at most, low-risk variants. Four Zn-finger variants: p.(Arg479Gly), p.(Arg516Pro), p.(Gly518Lys), and p.(Tyr575His) were classified as likely pathogenic, and three other variants as possibly pathogenic: p.(Pro253Ser), p.(Ala593Val), and p.(Pro1243Leu). We analyze the phenotypic descriptions of 60 individuals with pathogenic GLI2 variants and evidence a morbidity spectrum that includes hypopituitarism (58%), HPE (6%) or other brain structure abnormalities (15%), orofacial clefting (17%) and dysmorphic facial features (35%). We establish that truncating and Zn-finger variants in GLI2 are associated with a high risk of hypopituitarism, and that a solitary median maxillary central incisor is part of the GLI2-related phenotypic variability. The most prevalent phenotypic feature is post-axial polydactyly (65%) which is also the mildest phenotypic expression of the condition, reported in many parents of individuals with systemic findings. Our approach clarifies clinical risks and the important messages to discuss in counseling for a pathogenic GLI2 variant.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1311
Subjects:
?? combined pituitary hormone deficiencyculler–jones syndromegli2holoprosencephalysolitary median maxillary central incisorgeneticsgenetics(clinical) ??
ID Code:
164185
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
10 Jan 2022 10:45
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
15 Jul 2024 22:12