Bloomfield, K. and Rubio, G. Sanchez and Wilson, L. (1977) Plinian eruptions of Nevado de Toluca volcano, Mexico. Geologische Rundschau, 66 (1). pp. 120-146. ISSN 0016-7835
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
The Lower and Upper Toluca Pumice Formations are dacitic airfall deposits that were erupted about 24,500 yr BP and 11,600 yr BP respectively. The Lower Toluca Pumice covers about 400 km2, with a volume of 0.33 km3 (dense rock equivalent 0.16 km3) within the 10 cm isopach, and has a northeast-trending dispersal fan. The Upper Toluca Pumice covers more than 2,000 km2, has a volume of 2.3 km3 within the 40 cm isopach, and an estimated total volume of 3.5 km3 (dense rock equivalent 1.54 km3). Its symmetrical dispersal fan trends N 65° E. The Inman parameters, median diameter (Mdφ) and deviation (σφ), together with the fragmentation indices, derived from granulometric studies of samples from 23 pumice sections, show that both eruptions were of Pliniantype. The particle-size distribution, compared with a simple mathematical model of a Plinian eruption, provides an approximate indication of the eruptive conditions during the deposition of the coarsest part of the Lower Member of the Upper Toluca Pumice. Computations give a muzzle velocity of 500 m/sec from a circular vent 260 m in diameter, a mean horizontal windspeed of 16.2 m/sec and an eruptive cloud 40 km high, with a maximum rate of release of kinetic energy of 6 × 1019 erg/sec. The younger eruption released about ten times more kinetic energy than the older.