Salivary cortisol, cortisone and serum cortisol concentrations are related to age and body mass index in healthy children and young people

Titman, Andrew and Price, Victoria and Hawcutt, Daniel and Chesters, Chris and Ali, Murtaza and Cacace, Gianluca and Lancaster, Gillian and Peak, Matthew and Blair, Joanne C (2020) Salivary cortisol, cortisone and serum cortisol concentrations are related to age and body mass index in healthy children and young people. Clinical Endocrinology, 93 (5). pp. 572-578. ISSN 0300-0664

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Abstract

Background Saliva is an ideal medium in which to measure cortisol in children. However, there are very few data reporting salivary cortisol or cortisone concentrations in healthy children since the introduction of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) to routine laboratory practice. Design Early morning serum cortisol, salivary cortisol and cortisone were measured on fasting samples, and salivary hormones were measured in samples collected every 2 hours during waking hours, and 30 minutes after waking the following morning. Participants 43 healthy paediatric volunteers (19 female), median age 11.5 years, range 6.2 – 18.7, participated. Results Early morning serum cortisol (265nmol/L, 156 – 516) correlated strongly with salivary cortisol (4.7nmol/L, 1.1‐14.6) and cortisone (28.8nmol/L, 11.7‐56.6), p<0.0001 for both. Serum cortisol, salivary cortisol and salivary cortisone correlated directly with age (p<0.0001, p=0.002 and p=0.015 respectively), and salivary cortisone / cortisol ratio correlated indirectly with age (p=0.007). Between 08.00 and 21.00, area under the curve for salivary cortisol (mean ± 1 SD) was 41.8 ± 19.1 and for cortisone, 213.0 ± 61.2. Salivary cortisol was undetectable in 25/130 (19%) of samples collected after 13.00 while cortisone was always detectable. Discussion Salivary cortisol and cortisone concentrations are strongly related to serum cortisol concentrations, however cortisone may be a preferable measure as cortisol is often undetectable. Age may be an important factor in the interpretation of early morning cortisol measurements made in serum and saliva.