Why is C4 photosynthesis so rare in trees?

Young, Sophie and Sack, Lawren and Sporck-Koehler, Margaret and Lundgren, Marjorie (2020) Why is C4 photosynthesis so rare in trees? Journal of Experimental Botany, 71 (16). 4629–4638. ISSN 0022-0957

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Abstract

Since C4 photosynthesis was first discovered >50 years ago, researchers have sought to understand how this complex trait evolved from the ancestral C3 photosynthetic machinery on >60 occasions. Despite its repeated emergence across the plant kingdom, C4 photosynthesis is notably rare in trees, with true C4 trees only existing in Euphorbia. Here we consider aspects of the C4 trait that could limit but not preclude the evolution of a C4 tree, including reduced quantum yield, increased energetic demand, reduced adaptive plasticity, evolutionary constraints, and a new theory that the passive symplastic phloem loading mechanism observed in trees, combined with difficulties in maintaining sugar and water transport over a long pathlength, could make C4 photosynthesis largely incompatible with the tree lifeform. We conclude that the transition to a tree habit within C4 lineages as well as the emergence of C4 photosynthesis within pre-existing trees would both face a series of challenges that together explain the global rarity of C4 photosynthesis in trees. The C4 trees in Euphorbia are therefore exceptional in how they have circumvented every potential barrier to the rare C4 tree lifeform.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Journal of Experimental Botany
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110
Subjects:
?? plant sciencephysiology ??
ID Code:
144989
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
22 Jun 2020 07:55
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
15 Jul 2024 20:45