Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI)

Mukanyandwi, V. and Kurban, A. and Hakorimana, E. and Nahayo, L. and Habiyaremye, G. and Gasirabo, A. and Sindikubwabo, T. (2019) Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191 (12): 734. ISSN 0167-6369

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Abstract

The quality of drinking water source remains as a major concern in areas of developing and underdeveloped countries worldwide. The treatment and supply of drinking water in Rwanda are carried out by Water and Sanitation Corporation, a state-owned public company. However, it is not able to supply water to all households. Consequently, the non-serviced households depend on natural water sources, like springs, to meet their water requirements. Nevertheless, the water quality in these springs is scarcely known. Therefore, this study assessed and compared metal elements in drinking water sources in the dry and rainy seasons in 2017 using the contamination degree, metal index, and geographic information systems to reveal the spatial distribution of water quality within the considered water sources of springs in Rwanda. The samples were collected monthly from nine water sources of springs and the measured elements are aluminium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The metal index indicated that during the dry season and rainy season, the sites of Kibungo (1.10 and 1.26) and Kinigi (1.01 and 1.54) have assessed a metal index which is higher than 1. Thus, the water quality of those sites was getting the threshold of warning. The analysis indicated that pollutants are easily transported into water bodies during the rainy season in urban and rural areas to a greater extent than during the dry season .

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2300
Subjects:
?? contamination degreemetal indexspringswater qualityrwandageneral environmental sciencepollutionmanagement, monitoring, policy and lawenvironmental science(all) ??
ID Code:
139114
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
21 Nov 2019 09:05
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
16 Jul 2024 11:19