Shabbir, Muhammad Zubair and Zohari, Siamak and Yaqub, Tahir and Nazir, Jawad and Shabbir, Muhammad Abu Bakr and Mukhtar, Nadia and Shafee, Muhammad and Sajid, Muhammad and Anees, Muhammad and Abbas, Muhammad and Khan, Muhammad Tanveer and Ali, Asad Amanat and Ghafoor, Aamir and Ahad, Abdul and Channa, Aijaz Ali and Anjum, Aftab Ahmad and Hussain, Nazeer and Ahmad, Arfan and Goraya, Mohsan Ullah and Iqbal, Zahid and Khan, Sohail Ahmad and Aslam, Hassan Bin and Zehra, Kiran and Sohail, Muhammad Umer and Yaqub, Waseem and Ahmad, Nisar and Berg, Mikael and Munir, Muhammad (2013) Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease virus in Pakistan:A countrywide perspective. Virology Journal, 10. ISSN 1743-422X
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Background: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most deadly diseases of poultry around the globe. The disease is endemic in Pakistan and recurrent outbreaks are being reported regularly in wild captive, rural and commercial poultry flocks. Though, efforts have been made to characterize the causative agent in some of parts of the country, the genetic nature of strains circulating throughout Pakistan is currently lacking. Material and methods. To ascertain the genetics of NDV, 452 blood samples were collected from 113 flocks, originating from all the provinces of Pakistan, showing high mortality (30-80%). The samples represented domesticated poultry (broiler, layer and rural) as well as wild captive birds (pigeons, turkeys, pheasants and peacock). Samples were screened with real-time PCR for both matrix and fusion genes (1792 bp), positive samples were subjected to amplification of full fusion gene and subsequent sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results: The deduced amino acid sequence of the fusion protein cleavage site indicated the presence of motif ( 112RK/RQRR↓F117) typical for velogenic strains of NDV. Phylogenetic analysis of hypervariable region of the fusion gene indicated that all the isolates belong to lineage 5 of NDV except isolates collected from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province. A higher resolution of the phylogenetic analysis of lineage 5 showed the distribution of Pakistani NDV strains to 5b. However, the isolates from KPK belonged to lineage 4c; the first report of such lineage from this province. Conclusions: Taken together, data indicated the prevalence of multiple lineages of NDV in different poultry population including wild captive birds. Such understanding is crucial to underpin the nature of circulating strains of NDV, their potential for interspecies transmission and disease diagnosis and control strategies.