Nishitani, N. and Ruohoniemi, J.M. and Lester, M. and Baker, J. and Koustov, A.V. and Shepherd, S. and Chisham, G. and Hori, T. and Thomas, E. and Makarevich, R.A. and Marchaudon, A. and Ponomarenko, P. V. and Wild, James Anderson and Milan, S.E. and Bristow, W.A. and Devlin, J. C. and Miller, E. and Greenwald, R.A. and Ogawa, T. and Kikuchi, T. (2019) Review of the Accomplishments of Mid-latitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF Radars. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 6. ISSN 2197-4284
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Abstract
The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is a network of High Frequency (HF) radars located in the high- and mid-latitude regions of both hemispheres that is operated under international cooperation. The network was originally designed for monitoring the dynamics of the ionosphere and upper atmosphere in the high-latitude regions. However, over the last approximately 15 years SuperDARN has expanded into the mid-latitude regions. With radar coverage that now extends continuously from auroral to sub-auroral and mid-latitudes a wide variety of new scientific findings have been obtained. In this paper, the background of mid-latitude SuperDARN is presented at first. Then the accomplishments made with mid-latitude SuperDARN radars are reviewed in five specified scientific and technical areas: convection, ionospheric irregularities, HF propagation analysis, ion-neutral interactions and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. Finally, the present status of mid-latitude SuperDARN is updated and directions for future research are discussed.