Effects of belief and logic on syllogistic reasoning: Eye-movement evidence for selective processing models.

Ball, L. J. and Phillips, P. and Quayle, J. D. and Wade, C. N. (2006) Effects of belief and logic on syllogistic reasoning: Eye-movement evidence for selective processing models. Experimental Psychology, 53 (1). pp. 77-86. ISSN 2190-5142

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Abstract

Studies of syllogistic reasoning have demonstrated a nonlogical tendency for people to endorse more believable conclusions than unbelievable ones. This belief bias effect is more dominant on invalid syllogisms than valid ones, giving rise to a logic by belief interaction. We report an experiment in which participants’ eye movements were recorded in order to provide insights into the nature and time course of the reasoning processes associated with manipulations of conclusion validity and believability. Our main dependent measure was people’s inspection times for syllogistic premises, and we tested predictions deriving from three contemporary mental-models accounts of the logic by belief interaction. Results supported recent “selective processing” theories of belief bias (e.g., Evans, 2000; Klauer, Musch, & Naumer, 2000), which assume that the believability of a conclusion biases model construction processes, rather than biasing the search for falsifying models (e.g., Oakhill & Johnson-Laird, 1985) or a response stage of reasoning arising from subjective uncertainty (e.g., Quayle & Ball, 2000). We conclude by suggesting that the eye-movement analyses in reasoning research may provide a useful adjunct to other process-tracing techniques such as verbal protocol analysis.

Item Type:
Journal Article
Journal or Publication Title:
Experimental Psychology
Additional Information:
Ball was first and lead author on national collaboration. He designed experiment, analyzed data and wrote manuscript. RAE_import_type : Journal article RAE_uoa_type : Psychology
Uncontrolled Keywords:
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3200/3200
Subjects:
?? belief biassyllogistic reasoningeye-movement analysisinspection timesprocess tracinggeneral psychologyexperimental and cognitive psychologypsychology(all)bf psychology ??
ID Code:
12762
Deposited By:
Deposited On:
07 Jul 2011 15:00
Refereed?:
Yes
Published?:
Published
Last Modified:
16 Jul 2024 08:12