Kinrade, Joe and Badman, Sarah Victoria and Provan, G. and Cowley, S. W. H. and Lamy, Laurent and Bader, Alexander (2018) Saturn's northern auroras and their modulation by rotating current systems during late northern spring in early 2014. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123. ISSN 2169-9402
Kinrade_et_al_2018_Journal_of_Geophysical_Research_3A_Space_Physics.pdf - Accepted Version
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Abstract
The Hubble Space Telescope imaged Saturn's northern ultraviolet auroras during February‐June 2014, when Saturn's northern and southern magnetic perturbation fields were locked in anti‐phase and matched in rotation period (~10.69 h). During this coalescence period, we test for evidence of rotational modulation of the auroras using the latest rotating current system model and kilometric radio phases derived from Cassini measurements. While we see modulation of auroral intensity in the rotating frames of the planetary period current systems, the pattern is opposite to that expected and is dominated by an asymmetric local time profile that peaks at dawn. Enhancement of the north emission by rotating upward field aligned currents (FACs) is expected to peak at magnetic longitudes of ~90°, whereas here the intensity increased at ~270°. This unexpected finding is attributed to the presence of non‐PPO dynamics having affected the auroral morphology, together with insufficient sampling of the rotational system orientations provided during such HST campaigns. Rotational modulation is clearest at dawn regardless of the pattern's orientation, suggesting that the physical relationship between rotating FACs and auroral intensity is not direct, having a local time dependence that is not generally observed in the rotating FAC magnitudes. We also find no statistically significant planetary period oscillation of the auroral circle position, but the mean centre was offset from the spin pole by ~3° latitude toward early morning local times. Mean auroral boundaries were located at equatorward and poleward colatitudes of 15.0±2.8° and 12.4±3.0°.