Snedden, E.W. and Walsh, D.A. and Jamison, S.P. (2015) Revealing carrier-envelope phase through frequency mixing and interference in frequency resolved optical gating. Optics Express, 23 (7). pp. 8507-8518. ISSN 1094-4087
Snedden_CEPretrevial_arXiv2015.pdf - Accepted Version
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Abstract
We demonstrate that full temporal characterisation of few-cycle electromagnetic pulses, including retrieval of the carrier envelope phase (CEP), can be directly obtained from Frequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) techniques in which the interference between non-linear frequency mixing processes is resolved. We derive a framework for this scheme, defined Real Domain FROG (ReD-FROG), for the cases of interference between sum and difference frequency components and between fundamental and sum / difference frequency components. A successful numerical demonstration of ReD-FROG as applied to the case of a self-referenced measurement is provided. A proof-of-principle experiment is performed in which the CEP of a single-cycle THz pulse is accurately obtained and demonstrates the possibility for THz detection beyond optical probe duration limitations inherent to electro-optic sampling.